Write an observation of a white shoe is evidence for the hypothesis “All ravens are black”.

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the ravens problem Consider the ravens problem: P1. Any observation of an F that is also G is evidence for the generalization “All Fs are G.” P2. Any observation that is evidence for a hypothesis H is also evidence for any hypothesis that is logically equivalent to H. C. Therefore, an observation of a white shoe is evidence for the hypothesis “All ravens are black”. First: explain the problem. (Why does the conclusion follow from the premises? Why might one think the two premises are true? Why is the conclusion surprising?) Then: Either a) pick a solution to the problem that has been proposed and argue that it does not work or b) pick a solution that has been proposed and argue that it does work, responding to some criticisms leveled against it. ** MUST CITE “hempel_6” pdf ** MUST PARAPHRASE “10_4” pdf






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